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Sir Peter Alexander Ustinov, CBE FRSA ( or ;〔The pronunciations accepted by Sir Peter himself according to Miller, Gertrude M. Miller (Editor). ''BBC Pronouncing Dictionary of British Names''. Oxford University Press, 1971. ISBN 0-19-431125-2.〕 16 April 192128 March 2004) was an English actor, writer and dramatist. He was also renowned as a filmmaker, theatre and opera director, stage designer, author, screenwriter, comedian, humorist, newspaper and magazine columnist, radio broadcaster, and television presenter. A noted wit and raconteur, he was a fixture on television talk shows and lecture circuits for much of his career. He was also a respected intellectual and diplomat who, in addition to his various academic posts, served as a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF and President of the World Federalist Movement. Ustinov was the winner of numerous awards over his life, including two Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actor, Emmy Awards, Golden Globes and BAFTA Awards for acting, a Grammy Award for best recording for children, as well as the recipient of governmental honours from, amongst others, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. He displayed a unique cultural versatility that has frequently earned him the accolade of a Renaissance man. Miklós Rózsa, composer of the music for ''Quo Vadis'' and of numerous concert works, dedicated his String Quartet No. 1, Op. 22 (1950) to Ustinov. In 2003, Durham University changed the name of its Graduate Society to Ustinov College in honour of the significant contributions Ustinov had made as Chancellor of the university from 1992 until his death. ==Family background and early life== Ustinov was born as Peter Alexander von Ustinow〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=peterustinov.org )〕 in London, England. His father, Jona von Ustinov was of Russian, Polish Jewish, German and Ethiopian descent. Peter's paternal grandfather was Plato von Ustinov, a Russian nobleman of German descent, and his grandmother was Magdalena Hall, of mixed Ethiopian-German-Jewish origin. Peter's paternal great-grandfather was the German painter Eduard Zander. Ustinov's mother, Nadezhda Leontievna Benois, known as Nadia, was a painter and ballet designer of French, German, Italian, and Russian descent.〔(Distinguished Guest in the Visitation Parish | Gemeinde Mariae-Heimsuchung St. Petersburg ). Visitmaria.ru (17 March 2011).〕〔(Peter Ustinov ). Seplis.com.〕 Her father, Leon Benois, was an Imperial Russian architect and owner of Leonardo da Vinci's painting ''Madonna Benois''. Leon's brother Alexandre Benois was a stage designer who worked with Stravinsky and Diaghilev. Their paternal ancestor Jules-César Benois was a chef who had left France for St. Petersburg during the French Revolution and became a chef to the Emperor Paul. Jona (or Iona) worked as a press officer at the German Embassy in London in the 1930s, and was a reporter for a German news agency. In 1935, two years after Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany, Jona von Ustinov began working for the British intelligence service MI5 and became a British citizen, thus avoiding internment during the war. He was the controller of Wolfgang Gans zu Putlitz, an MI5 spy in the German embassy in London who furnished information on Hitler's intentions before the Second World War.〔(MI5 monitored union and CND leaders with ministers' backing, book reveals ) Richard Norton-Taylor, ''The Guardian'', 5 October 2009.〕 (Peter Wright mentions in his book ''Spycatcher'' that Jona was possibly the spy known as U35; Ustinov says in his autobiography that his father hosted secret meetings of senior British and German officials at their London home.) Ustinov's great-grandfather Moritz Hall,〔For his biography, with references to archival documentation and publications on him and his family, see Holtz: "Hall, Moritz", in: Siegbert Uhlig (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 2, Wiesbaden 2005. There is also a family photo, which shows Ustinov's grandmother with her husband and their children, including Ustinov's father Jona.〕 a Jewish refugee from Kraków and later a Christian convert and collaborator of Swiss and German missionaries in Ethiopia, married into a German-Ethiopian family. Ustinov was educated at Westminster School and had a difficult childhood because of his parents' constant fighting. One of his schoolmates was Rudolf von Ribbentrop, the eldest son of the Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop. While at school, Ustinov considered anglicising his name to "Peter Austin" but was counselled against it by a fellow pupil who said that he should "Drop the ‘von’ but keep the ‘Ustinov’". After training as an actor in his late teens, along with early attempts at playwriting, he made his stage début in 1938 at the Players' Theatre, becoming quickly established. He later wrote, "I was not irresistibly drawn to the drama. It was an escape road from the dismal rat race of school." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peter Ustinov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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